Testicular Cancer: What You Should Know

Testicular cancer is a relatively rare malignancy, but it is the most common cancer among men aged 15-35. Early detection and treatment offer a high cure rate, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the signs and undergoing regular self-examinations.  

What is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer develops in one or both testicles, the male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. It typically starts as a lump or mass within the testicle. While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include:  

• Family history: Having a brother or father with testicular cancer increases the risk.  
• Undescended testicles: When one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum during fetal development.  
• HIV infection  
• Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic condition affecting males  

Signs and Symptoms

• A painless lump or swelling in one or both testicles  
• A feeling of heaviness or fullness in the scrotum
• Sudden fluid accumulation in the scrotum (hydrocele)
• Dull ache or discomfort in the scrotum or groin  
• Enlargement of one testicle
• Back pain  

Self-Examination

Monthly self-examinations are crucial for early detection:  

1. Examine yourself after a warm shower: The warmth helps to relax the scrotum, making it easier to feel any changes.  
2. Gently roll each testicle between your fingers and thumb: Feel for any lumps, bumps, or hardness.  
3. Report any changes to your doctor immediately.

Treatment

Treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. Common treatments include:

• Surgery (Orchiectomy): Removal of the affected testicle. It is the most common treatment and can be performed via open or laparoscopic surgery.  
• Chemotherapy: Using medications to kill cancer cells throughout the body.  
• Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.  
• Surveillance: Close monitoring with regular check-ups and imaging tests, often recommended for patients with early-stage cancer.

Prognosis

The outlook for testicular cancer is generally excellent, especially when detected and treated early. The 5-year survival rate for localized testicular cancer is over 95%.  

Important Note: This information is for general knowledge and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.  

Remember: Early detection and prompt treatment are key to successful outcomes in testicular cancer.

---